Month: July 2019

Maintenance Management System in Hospital (Ultrasound & CT Scan Equipments)

Management blogger

BACKGROUND STUDIES /PROBLEM STATEMENT:

Recent maintenance practices in hospital (health care equipments and services) and use of computerized maintenance management system (CMMs) based hospital information maintenance management system (HIMMs) provide good practices during evaluating performance and effectiveness of equipments. But unfortunately, CMMs and maintenance activities i.e. Breakdown maintenance (BDM), planned preventive maintenance (PPM), productivity is not solve problems at all. Several reasons are: 1. CMMs not solve problems of repetitive failures, BDM , PPM for long term 2. CMMs also not predict life cycle and durability of equipments for long period For this reason, need of such system that can predict and resolve problems at all.

This research project is aimed to provide two ways to solve problems by using theoretically mathematical equations from literature review and modify equations for particular for repetitive failure, BDM, PPM and equipment productivity. Second way CMMs software is to design which is completely reliable; predictable critical factors for not only now, but also long term purpose. The results in terms of system assist facility managers or clinical engineers (biomedical engineers). Sustain life of equipments, easy to replacement and repaired etc.

OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH PROJECT:

The objectives of the project are: 1) To evaluate maintenance management system in hospital (health care equipments and services) 2) To modify mathematical equations for measuring maintenance activities of ultrasound equipment and CT scan equipment

METHODOLOGY: Data Collection Strategy: Data collection strategy is obtained from visited and observation biomedical engineering department. Select two imaging equipments -ultrasound machine’ & -computed tomography machine’ from various hospitals like Hospital Serdang, Hospital Putrajaya etc., to collect equipments inventory data. Data collection strategy is focus equipment assets history. It includes planned preventive maintenance (PPM), Breakdown maintenance (BDM), Schedule work, work orders (w.o), action taken, vendor services, parts management, utilities, and reports. Data collection is need because: a) Calculate repetitive failures, BDM and PPM b) Measure Productivity and Equipment effectiveness c) Life and use of equipments for long term purpose Analysis of Data Collection: Analysis of the data depends upon asset history of particular equipments. Identify repetitive breakdowns, planned preventive and productivity performance in both medical equipments. The strategy for analyze data is to specified no. of failures, no. of breakdowns and no. of planned preventive for last three years. Analysis of data collection is required because: a) Interpret particular problems b) Apply modify equations to solve problems Mathematical Analysis In general, previous studies on maintenance management system provided mathematical formulas and equations not at all overcome problems of equipments. In medical equipments i.e. reliability equations and availability equations are not enough to measure maintenance performance of ultrasound and CT scan. Predicted Breakdowns

In this project, provide specific and modify equations which is use to solve medical equipments maintenenace problems. (Stephen, 2004) This equations are modified on the basis of productivity and reliability maintenance management.. Stephen defined equations: Breakdown (Excepted)= S (No. of Failures) * Frequency of Failure / Total No. of Failures, But modify equation will be: Breakdowns (predictable) = (a1+a2+a3—-an) * () / Tf Therefore a is no. of repetitive failures, an is nth term of failure which is expecting failure with time, is frequency of failure occurring in duration week, months, Tf is total no. of failures per years. Conclusion In the end, evaluating MMS in hospital is prime consideration for clinical engineers. This modify equations of equipments will improve maintenance practices overall and overcome failures, breakdowns. Successful in implementing and applying mathematical equations will definitely increases productivity and overall equipment effectiveness. Nonetheless, due to the necessity to ensure maintenance management system, figure 4.9 data analyzed and interpreted from maintenance part of the asset of equipments contains several factors that serve as the determinants to the success of maintenance practice for health care sectors. By using mathematical approaches and data analysis from maintenance part of the asset of equipments contains several factors that serve as the determinants to the success of effectiveness of equipment and best maintenance practice in health care industries.

RESULTS: 1. From above calculation, the result shows that repetitive failures, BDM, PPM always key parts and critical factors in maintenance practices.

2. Breakdowns maintenance in ultrasound much more and predictable during last three year so it would be a greater expensive alternatives if equipments not replaced on time. 3. CT scan has low rate of breakdowns maintenance during last three years so it would be predicted that less equipment expensive alternative so no need to replace equipment.

4. Medical Equipment’s productivity factor in ultrasound is 36 % in last three years due to more and more Break downs maintenance and Planned preventive maintenance occurred which is not good for productivity, life of equipment. Step should be taken in early stage of breakdowns. 5. Productivity factor in CT scan is 38 % previous three years, because of less BDM but more PPM. 6. Overall equipment effectiveness of Ultrasound is 38.90, it means equipment is in poor condition and unlimited break downs, more failures occurred. Require proper testing, calibrations, changeovers parts, adjustments. It will contribute to increase in effectiveness in rarely manner. 7. OEE of CT scan is 72 %, it is mean that equipment is in good condition because of breakdowns and failures are limited. In occasionally testing and commissioning, inspection is requiring. It will mostly increase effectiveness in rapid manner.

8. It will increase productivity & It will maintain overall equipment effectiveness.

9. Lastly, it will assist clinical engineers to make decision on need basis of particular equipment or replacement.

REFERENCES:

Albert H.C Tsang (2002). -Strategic dimension of maintenance management-, Journal of Quality in maintenance Engineering, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 127-139. A.C., Marquez, Jatinder N.D.G. (2006). -Contemporary maintenance management: process, frame work and supporting pillars-, the international Journal of Management Science, No. 34, pp.313-326. Atkin, B. and Brooks, A. (2009). -Total Facilities Management-, 3rd edition, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford and New York, pp. 328.

Acevedo, Francisco (2005), -Design of CMMS for the Chilean Naval Hospital BME Department-, Engineering in Medicine and Biology 27th Annual Conference IEEE, shanghai, China pp. 1-4

B.S. Dhillion, Y.Liu (2006),-Human error in maintenance review-, Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering Vol.12, No.1, pp.21-36.

Bronizo, Joseph D. (2006). -The Biomedical Engineering Handbook, Third Edition-.

Corder, A.S (1976), -Maintenance Management Techniques-, McGraw-Hill UK, England.

Duffa, S.O., A.Rauof, Campbell, J.D (1999), Library of Congress Cataloging-in- Publication, Volume 20, pp 30-44.

J.J. Smit , J.A van Weelderen, .(1995), – Maintenance Diagnosis of HV installations using an expert support system-, Proceeding 9th ISH, International Symposium on H.V. Engineering, Graz, Austria, pp. 45-56.

Levitt, J. (1997), -The Handbook of Maintenance Management-, Industrial Press Inc, New York, NY.

Niebel, B. W. (1993). -Engineering Maintenance- Ninth Edition. United States of America: Irwin. pp. 335-462.

Mark C.,Eti,S.O.T Ogaji, S.D. Probert (2006). -Strategies Maintenance Management in Nigerian Industries-, Journal of Applied Energy, No. 83, pp. 211-227.

Marvin Raushad, (1998), -Reliability Centered Maintenance-, Reliability Engineering and System Safety, vol. 60, pp.121-132.

Swanson, L., (1997), -An empirical study of the relationship between production technology and maintenance Management-, International Journal of production economics No. 53, pp. 191-207.

Shamsuddin, A., Masjuki, H., Zahiri, (2004), -State of Implementation of TPM in SMIs: a survey study in Malaysia-, Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering, vo1 10 No.2, pp. 93-106.

Sherwin, D. (2000), -A review of overall models for maintenance management, Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering-, Vol.6 No.3, pp. 138-164.

Stephen, M.P (2004), -Productivity and Reliability- Based Maintenance Management-, Pearson Education Inc., New Jersey, New York, pp.276.

Ted Cohen, (2003) -Computerized Maintenance Management Systems for Clinical Engineering-, Second Edition, AAMI MIR no. 3, pp. 7-10.

Vukan Polimac, Jelica Polimac, (2001) -Assessment of Present Maintenance Practices and Future Trends-, Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, pp.891-894.

Valma J Robertson, Kerry Gbaker (2001), -A review of Therapeutic Ultrasound: Effectiveness Studies-, Volume 81, No. 7.pp. 12-20

Yusof, M, Bakri Rugayah, Musa Zaharah (2006), -Electrical Impedance Tomography-. Health Technology Assessment section, Medical Development section, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, Technology report, pp. 1-6.

Wilhelm Burger and Mark J. Burger (2007), -Digital Image Processing: An Algorithmic Approach Using Java-, Spinger, Volume 30 No 1, pp. 10-18.

Wireman,T.,(1991), -Total Productive Maintenance- , an America Approach, Industrial Press, NewYork. PP. 16-21.

Stress Management And The Wonders Of Vitamin C

Management blogger

The purpose of this article is to understand what happens during frequent stress over long time periods and how it can be dealt with.

Instead of vitamin C going into the usual metabolic pathways required for smooth bodily functioning, during stress, the body takes away some of this vitamin in order to cope. So, frequent long-term stress leading to vitamin C deficient supplies to the body’s normal metabolic pathways can eventually result in a range of illnesses.

This long-term stress leading to vitamin C deficiency and illness could be due to physical and mental factors:

Experiencing situations of coldness stress whereby the body is frequently at low temperature due to cold weather or inadequate heating… The body’s internal thermostatic mechanisms (homeostasis) needed to bring the body up to normal temperature requires vitamin C. Thus, a failure to supply the body’s normal metabolic pathways with adequate vitamin C can lead to poor immune system building resulting in colds and flu.

Another physically stressful situation is backbone hernia caused by frequent lifting of heavy weights. Back stress pains brought on by constant heavy lifting is caused by the jelly-like spongy matter between disc vertebrae to wear right down. This is exacerbated by a lack of vitamin C required for the making of this material as a replacement is needed.

Mentally stressful situations involve switching on the sympathetic nervous system (a division of the parasympathetic involuntary nervous system) in order to cope. The sympathetic nervous system switches on to deal with situations that require action, hence the term ‘fight or flight’ response. The body engages: a faster heart rate, increased blood circulation to supply vital organs quicker, elevated blood pressure and breathing rates… etc. just like the requirements needed for an animal under the pursuit of its predator… but the individual in this situation is not moving anywhere; This stress, brought on my psychological interpretation, once again requires vitamin C: Long-term deficiency of vitamin C can then lead to strokes and heart disease.

So, whether it’s for treating colds and flu, or backbone, or mental stress, or a whole range of other related illnesses the answer lies in increasing levels of vitamin C as an essential remedy. Don’t be deceived, some poorly set up experiments have been conducted to show that the vitamin C solution doesn’t work. That’s because the levels of vitamin C have not been high enough. As Nobel prise winning scientist Linus Pauling said “Physicians, when treating patients with vitamins don’t always remember how important dosage is for effective cure…”

For suggested dosages I suggest that you look up the excellent websites out there dedicated to the wonders of vitamin C and its role in the prevention of stress,

If you found this article useful, informative or helpful then you might like to go to the website from where it came www.NewParadigm.ws for similar and other wide-ranging information, including natural health, spirituality, alternative news and music videos… by me , Paul A Philips.

Like I said my website is http://www.NewParadigm.ws

Bothered With Household Chores Its All About Time Management

Management blogger

Are you currently besieged with loads of household chores, and now you are really finding it hard to manage all of them? Yes, even your home can cause you a lot of stress. Just imagine juggling the laundry, cleaning, and cooking, along with watching the kids. It can become a lot worse if you are actually working or studying.

The good news is there is a way to all that. You can effectively manage the household chores, provided that you can implement an excellent time management skill. You can pick up great ideas as you go through the list:

1. Wake up early. You can certainly do a lot of things if you are going to wake up early in the morning. This is because majority of the activity happens around this time. You can just take a rest in the afternoon. This also means that if a lot of things are waiting for you the next day, you have to sleep early.

2. Concentrate on one task at a time. It is instinct for people to do so many things simultaneously, in the hopes that they can also accomplish them immediately. The huge problem with this is you will not get to finish all of them, or if you do, the outcome will not be as good as expected. The different types of work can prevent you from fully concentrating. Learn to focus on one job at a time.

3. Write the schedule. You may be taking some mental notes on what you are going to do, but there is a good chance you can just forget all about them as you go on through the day. The best solution is to write them down. Before you go to bed, you can write a checklist, put it in an easy-to-access area such as your kitchen, and tick each item off once it is complete. This is also one of the best ways to motivate you. When you can see a lot of them checked, you will feel a great sense of fulfillment as you get to accomplish a lot of things.

4. Learn to prioritize. There are actually some household chores that you really do not have to do all the time. For example, you do not have to wash your clothes every day. You can have it once or twice a week. You can also decide to cook your food at one time, place them in containers, and have them heated in a microwave when you are ready to eat.

5. Be still for a moment. The different tasks can overwhelm you and crowd your mind you cannot make excellent judgment. It is best to just be still for a while. Close your eyes and meditate. While doing that, you can focus on certain subliminal messages. You can allow these subliminal messages to get into your subconscious so you can access them when you want to be motivated. The subliminal messages may already be pre-recorded, such as those that are stored in mp3s, or you can create your own.

UK-Based Management Consulting opening doors to growth

Management blogger

Management consulting synonyms enhanced efficiency and great results. It is now become a common practice for manufacturing units to hire specialized consulting services to improve overall productivity and delivering the most satisfying results to the ultimate clients. Evidently, the demand for UK-based management consulting has become the latest buzzword for growing companies. UK management consulting studies a company’s entire manufacturing processes and methodologies in order to provide the maximum satisfaction to end users.

Consultants: How they help an organization? With their specialized knowledge and in-depth knowledge of manufacturing practices, management consultants analyze present strategies of an organization. By doing so, these expert work hard on sorting out important issues including streamlining processes, checking duplication, restructuring of the on-going procedures, re-organization of the systems, opting latest technological and such others. They work towards providing futuristic cost-reduction programs that may fulfill the needs in longer-run. Besides these, management consultants do effective planning for making considerable financial saving that can be possible by giving enough opportunities to the under-utilized resources and paving the way for potential resources. Often, companies overlook this particular aspect of development and thus will not meet the development requirements in the best possible manner. Consultants work hard for achieving the targeted needs and ensure a manifold increase in the profitability and customer satisfaction.

By bringing changes in the internal as well as external strategies, management consultants tend to enhance operational efficiencies that are closely related with minimizing capital expenditure. Also, they provide their valued opinion for increasing the final outcome of the existing processes.

Where to look for? There are so many ways to look for result-oriented management consultancy. You can browse the internet to get relevant information about the serviceability of UK management consulting. Choose the most useful service in order to get improvised workflow to attain maximum satisfaction.

Need more information on UK management consulting and UK management consultants please visit http://www.newtonconsulting.co.uk/

Cell Phone Power Management Need To Be Cautious

Management blogger

ON Semiconductor vice president of sales Lin Jianming China: the near future, sales of mobile phones and adapters will be completely separate, which will pose a mobile phone side of the test charge.Dell Inspiron 6000 battery

Lin Jianming: If there is no perfect internal overcharge protection circuit, the battery will overcharge may cause an explosion of serious consequences.

Charging the phone interface, over-voltage is undoubtedly the most dangerous. Poor quality in the adapter, failure or user error then a different device adapter can happen. In general, your phone charge management IC can control the charge current and voltage, to maintain the security charge the battery. However, if the rated current of the input voltage is too high while charging, over charging management circuit can withstand value, the circuit components will be adjusted because of charge-off or burned out of control power and role. The worst case, at this time if the user also uses low-cost lithium batteries, could not complete overcharge protection circuit, the battery will overcharge may cause serious consequences of such an explosion. To this end the provisions of the phone in YD/T1591-2006 in the side to contain over-voltage protection circuit to prevent such from happening. Overvoltage protection (OVP) circuitry detects over-voltage fault conditions, the detection circuit will be switch off, disconnect the phone and the adapter output.DELL Latitude E6400 Battery

Power Management Products National Semiconductor Senior Application Engineer Zhongjian Peng: charge management circuit functions normally charge by the management of single chip (Charger IC), or integrated charge-management functions of power management chip (PMU) to achieve. Rechargeable lithium battery management circuitry to support features for the trickle charge, constant current charging, constant voltage charging of the three charging process, and should have protection mechanisms to prevent overheating. Advanced charge management circuit also should have the input voltage over-voltage protection function. The protection of the safety of the product itself is very important. Some unqualified charge management circuit, often lack the protection of the design, the circuit itself may cause damage to the system overheating, or even more serious security issues.ACER TM00741 Battery

MPS Marketing Director Yuan Wenlin Asia: a new generation of rechargeable IC PMU have in addition to charging function through the highly integrated hardware to achieve high reliability, but also should have OVP (overvoltage protection), OCP (overcurrent protection) , NTC function, both a high input voltage, small size and simple external circuit. USB charger for battery management IC should be consistent with low standby power / charge current programmable switching / charging mode multiple input / can set the input power charger or USB port, and automatically charge the battery and cell phone distribution work be current; and in accordance with standard USB port of the limit.

Excellent cost-effective chip Recommended

Power Integrationss primary regulator device, such as LinkSwitch, can maintain the electrical insulation, and does not require optical isolators in the case of feedback to provide precise output voltage. This can reduce costs, help design a smaller charger, while maintaining the necessary security clearance.

The latest LinkSwitch-II products with accurate voltage control, can be very accurately simulated USB port. In addition, the products include cable drop compensation, so regardless of cable above the extent of the loss of current, voltage can be kept constant.Sony VGP-BPS8 Battery

LinkSwitch-II 5% voltage accuracy, current accuracy of 10%, for the adapter and charger is ideal. Also, it requires 20 components to build a complete AC power, which saves the cost of components itself, but also saves production time, assembly and inventory costs. “In China, labor costs have increased to around 0.003 U.S. dollars each component cost, for small patchy resistance and capacitor, in the cost of Shangzhangfuduo Gengda.” Doug Bailey of Road.

MPS full range of battery charging chips are produced using high pressure technology, have a minimum 20V, maximum 28V of voltage, and have been integrated over-voltage protection and meet the low standby power requirements. To comply with USB OTG low standby power requirements, a new generation of MP-2605X series also will reduce the standby current to 40uA, and increase the reverse input voltage protection (-16V) function, following the industry MPS charge chips widely used:

MP2605 standard charge applies to all chip general hand-held portable devices; MP26056 support USB / adapter pair of input interface for USB interfaces need to charge the portable device; MP2607 built pwr path, can be automatically assigned to charge the battery and the phone work current required for high-end hand-held portable devices such as smart phones, GPS navigation, PDA applications.

“Based on customer feedback, they are using MPS of charge chips, the great majority Yin Wei cost considerations Ercai Yong PMU / single chip charge management, but only to find defects line charge account all Ke Fan Xiu back the number of more than 20%, but cause the overall cost increase; but wants to be using external components to enhance the safety factor PMU, the additional cost and board area, also makes the industry difficult to sustain. At this point if the use of MPS battery charging chip, cost and product quality can be strikes a balance. “Yuanwen Lin said.

TIs bq24070 series and bq24032A series provides a separate charge path and system power path, effectively prevent the repeated charge and discharge system problems, battery life is greatly extended; resolve the cell phone a full charge the battery consumption issues began to extend the standby time 10 ~ 20%; effectively prevent the system out of control due to CPU crash and the risk of charge, to prevent the result of external pressure and breakdown voltage over the issue, greatly increasing the reliability of the system; eliminates the additional over-voltage protection, and path switching MOSFET and Schottky diode, reducing total system cost. The adapter current consumption in the system and charge redistribution between the automatic on-demand, using a small adapter, but greatly accelerated the charge time and reduce costs while improving the user experience.Acer Aspire 5000 battery

“TI advocates the path of dynamic power management in battery power management applications has been recognized by customers, such as dual-port (USB, AC adapter input, respectively) linear charge management chip bq24032A series, single-port bq24070 Series (USB, AC adapter to share an input), “Zhang was said.

ON Semiconductor has introduced a series of overvoltage protection chip. AC adapter for wall charging plug the NCP347/348, can provide up to 2A of charge mobile phone current and voltage transients up to 28V fault protection; NCP360 and NCP361 USB interface, suitable for positive over-voltage protection controller, with very low 35A current consumption to meet USB standby requirements, NCP361 also has a current limit function; to meet the cell phone charger / power supply to accessories such as the demand for bi-directional current control, ON Semiconductor also forthcoming NCP370, provide 28V overvoltage protection and adjustable current limit.

SGM4054 as St Microelectronics state management in charge introduced the first product has now passed the test in a variety of applications and high-volume applications, the main features include: programmable charge current up to 800mA, high-capacity battery can achieve the fast charge; heat calibration can prevent constant current, constant voltage operation mode, the battery overheating and improve the safety of consumer products; by USB directly to a single battery charge, to meet the multi-product compatibility; with charging indicator, providing the user identification information; 1% charge precision, to ensure battery life; low shutdown current of 25A, promote the effective utilization of power; own 2.93V trickle charge threshold, rechargeable lithium battery can be fully consistent with the standards process (trickle charge, constant current charging, constant voltage charged off recognition); with automatic recharge feature, to provide sufficient energy. Follow-up will launch high-pressure, high charging current of charge management chip, to meet the new demand for mobile phone application for more power.ACER AS07B72 Battery

National Semiconductor for different applications-rich charge management solution. A single chip charge management chip (LM3658), support for USB, AC-DC regulator of two inputs, and have overheating protection. There are many highly integrated power management chip (PMU) has well-integrated charge-management functions. Such as GPS, PMP designs PMU LP3913, the integrated support for USB, AC-DC regulator of two input and support of the charge current path management snap. There are many applications designed for mobile phones PMU as LP3919, more up to 28V overvoltage protection.